References

Sources cited in Hard to Replace, by chapter

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Sources cited in Hard to Replace: How to Stay Relevant in an Age of AI by James A. Hutcherson, listed by chapter in the order they appear.

Chapter 1: The Waves That Shaped Everything

  1. Gordon E. Moore, “Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits,” Electronics 38, no. 8 (1965): 114–17; Gordon E. Moore, “Progress in Digital Integrated Electronics,” IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting 21, (1975): 11–13.

Chapter 3: How Technology Actually Changes Work

  1. “University of Phoenix Introduces Next Generation of Online Learning with the Phoenix Lecture Series,” PR Newswire, September 8, 2011, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/university-of-phoenix-introduces-next-generation-of-online-learning-with-the-phoenix-lecture-series-129446163.html.
  2. Isabella Loaiza and Roberto Rigobon, “The EPOCH of AI: Human–Machine Complementarities at Work,” MIT Sloan School of Management, last revised October 1, 2025, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5028371.

Chapter 4: You’re Your Own Biggest Blocker

  1. Pauline R. Clance and Suzanne A. Imes, “The Impostor Phenomenon in High Achieving Women: Dynamics and Therapeutic Intervention,” Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 15, no. 3 (1978): 241–47, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0086006.

Chapter 5: The Gap Between Headlines and Reality

  1. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2024 (US Securities and Exchange Commission, 2024), https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000320193/000032019324000123/aapl-20240928.htm.
  2. Niccolo Conte, “Charted: Apple’s Product Revenue (2007–2023),” Visual Capitalist, February 6, 2024, https://www.visualcapitalist.com/charted-apples-product-revenue-2007-2023/.
  3. First Quarter 2023 Financial Results [Form 8-K] (US Securities and Exchange Commission, 2023), https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001602409/000152013823000289/fngr-20230714_8k.htm.

Chapter 8: Building Skills That Machines Can’t Match

  1. Nava Ashraf et al., “Meaning at Work,” NBER Working Paper No. 33843 (National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2025).
  2. Muhammad Y. Khan, “Mission Motivation and Public Sector Performance: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan,” American Economic Review 115, no. 7 (2025): 2343–75, https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20231247.
  3. “Claude’s Constitution: Our Vision for Claude’s Character,” Anthropic, https://www.anthropic.com/constitution.
  4. Artur Klingbeil et al., “Trust and Reliance on AI—an Experimental Study on the Extent and Costs of Overreliance on AI,” Computers in Human Behavior 160, (2024): 108352, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563224002206?via%3Dihub.
  5. Chloe Autio et al., Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2024), https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.600-1.pdf.
  6. “Model Release Notes,” OpenAI, accessed April 22, 2026, https://help.openai.com/en/articles/9624314-model-release-notes; “Release Notes,” Claude, accessed April 22, 2026, https://support.claude.com/en/articles/12138966-release-notes.
  7. Armelle Vallette d’Osia and Laurenz L. Meier, “Empathy in the Workplace: Disentangling Affective from Cognitive Empathy,” Occupational Health Science 8 (2024): 883–904, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41542-024-00197-9.
  8. Miriam Mehler et al., “Training Emotional Competencies at the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” BMC Psychology 12, no. 718 (2024), https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40359-024-02198-3.
  9. Alice Bonini et al., “The Relationship Between Leadership and Adaptive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” PLOS One 19, no. 10 (2024): e0304720, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304720.
  10. Nicholas W. Fraulini et al., “Adaptive Training Instructional Interventions: A Meta-Analysis,” Military Psychology 37, no. 5 (2025): 479–93, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08995605.2024.2377884.
  11. “Trustworthy Agents in Practice,” Anthropic, April 9, 2026, https://www.anthropic.com/research/trustworthy-agents.

Chapter 10: The Convergence Beyond AI

  1. William S. Jevons, The Coal Question: An Inquiry Concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of Our Coal-Mines, 2nd ed. (Macmillan, 1866), https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/jevons-the-coal-question.
  2. Executive Summary: Key Questions on Energy and AI (International Energy Agency, 2026), https://www.iea.org/reports/key-questions-on-energy-and-ai/executive-summary.
  3. “IBM Study: AI Poised to Drive Smarter Business Growth Through 2030,” IBM, January 19, 2026, https://newsroom.ibm.com/2026-01-19-ibm-study-ai-poised-to-drive-smarter-business-growth-through-2030.
  4. “Human Genome Editing,” World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/health-topics/human-genome-editing.